Encapsulation JavaScript Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

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function Counter() {
  let count = 0;

  this.increment = function() {
    count++;
  };

  this.getCount = function() {
    return count;
  };
}

const counter = new Counter();
counter.increment();
console.log(counter.getCount()); // Output: 1

In this example, encapsulation is achieved by using closure. The Counter function creates a private variable count and returns two public methods increment and getCount that can access and modify the private count variable. The private count variable is only accessible through these methods, ensuring encapsulation.

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class BankAccount {
  constructor(initialBalance) {
    let balance = initialBalance;

    this.getBalance = function() {
      return balance;
    };

    this.deposit = function(amount) {
      balance += amount;
    };

    this.withdraw = function(amount) {
      if (amount <= balance) {
        balance -= amount;
      } else {
        console.log('Insufficient funds');
      }
    };
  }
}

const account = new BankAccount(2000);
console.log(account.getBalance()); // Output: 2000
account.deposit(750);
console.log(account.getBalance()); // Output: 2750
account.withdraw(4000); // Output: Insufficient funds

In this example, encapsulation is achieved using getter and setter methods. The BankAccount class has a private variable balance which can only be accessed or modified through the getBalance, deposit, and withdraw methods. These methods provide controlled access to the private variable and allow performing appropriate operations while maintaining encapsulation.

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const _name = Symbol('name');

class Person {
  constructor(name) {
    this[_name] = name;
  }

  getName() {
    return this[_name];
  }
}

const person = new Person('JohnY');
console.log(person.getName()); // Output: JohnY
console.log(person[_name]); // Output: undefined

In this example, encapsulation is achieved using symbols to create private members. The _name symbol is used as a private property in the Person class, which can only be accessed using the getName method. Attempting to access the private property directly using person[_name] will return undefined, thereby encapsulating the private member.

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